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ant is different. instead of a model where it is extended with shell-based commands, ant is extended using java classes. instead of writing shell commands, the configuration files are xml-based, calling out a target tree where various tasks get executed. each task is run by an object that implements a particular task interface. 【推荐阅读:Java的数组（Array）、Vecto】
makefiles are inherently evil as well. anybody who has worked on them for any time has run into the dreaded tab problem. "is my command not executing because i have a space in front of my tab?!!" said the original author of ant way too many times. tools like jam took care of this to a great degree, but still have yet another format to use and remember.
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